Orientation in the room
A central aspect of robotics is the ability of robots to orientate and navigate in space. Various technologies enable this spatial perception and movement:
- LiDAR
- How it works: LiDAR uses laser beams to scan the environment and create a 3D map.
- Advantages: Very precise distance measurement; well suited for detecting obstacles and mapping environments.
- Disadvantages: Can be affected by weather conditions such as fog, rain or strong sunlight; relatively high cost.
- Radar
- How it works: Uses radio waves to detect objects and their distances.
- Advantages: Effective in a variety of weather conditions; also penetrates some materials.
- Disadvantages: Less accurate than lidar in detecting small or distant objects.
- Ultrasound
- How it works: Emits sound waves and measures the time it takes for them to be reflected by objects.
- Advantages: Simple and inexpensive; good for proximity detection.
- Disadvantages: Limited range and accuracy; susceptible to false echoes.
- Cameras of various kinds
- How it works: Optical sensors capture images of the surroundings, which are then analyzed.
- Advantages: Provides detailed visual information; essential for tasks that require image recognition.
- Disadvantages: Requires complex image processing; can be affected by lighting conditions.
- Guidelines on the floor
- How it works: Robots follow visually or magnetically recognizable paths.
- Advantages: Simple and reliable method for fixed routes.
- Disadvantages: Flexibility is limited; environment must be suitably equipped.
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