Biodecontamination: a comparison between fumigation and nebulization

In biodecontamination, the reduction or elimination of biological contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, there are various methods, such as fumigation and nebulization. Both methods are used to disinfect surfaces and spaces and to eliminate harmful microorganisms or contaminants from an environment, whether in industrial facilities, laboratories, or other sensitive areas. However, they differ in their application and mode of action:

In fumigation, gaseous disinfectants such as ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, or ozone are used and released into the space. The gas diffuses through the air and reaches hard-to-access areas, where it eliminates microorganisms in contact with the gas. Fumigation is particularly effective in enclosed spaces because it allows for an even distribution of the disinfectant. Fumigation generally requires a longer exposure time and a subsequent ventilation phase to ensure that no gas residues remain that could be harmful to humans or animals. Since the gases used can be toxic or corrosive, safety measures such as wearing protective clothing or evacuating people during the process must be strictly planned.

Example: In hospitals, fumigation can be used to control the spread of pathogens and combat disease outbreaks. In particular, in isolation wards, fumigation can help minimize the transmission of infections.